Shellfish gathering and farming take place in marine and freshwater environments.

Rural, urban, and suburban wastewater treatment methods.

An estuary is a partially enclosed body of water formed where freshwater from the land meets and mixes with saltwater from the ocean.

The sex of tuna is not determined genetically, as in some other organisms.

Methane (CH4) is the second most important greenhouse gas after CO2 that is produced by human activities.

Pauanui South Cam-era station

NIWA collects and manages significant amounts of New Zealand's environmental data, particularly in the climate, freshwater, marine and atmosphere domains.

NIWA offers a range of standard toxicity tests for both freshwater and marine environments.

Forest plantations in Aotearoa can be found on flat, gently rolling, or very steep terrain.

The 3-panel Soil Moisture Deficit (SMD) map shows the historical soil moisture deficit at the date shown (left), the soil moisture deficit at the same time last year (middle) and the current soil moisture deficit (right).

Read about how NIWA can map any aspect of climate to help guide your organisation's response to a changing and variable climate.