Atmospheric analysis

We have prepared a breakdown of the different guidelines that are available for sampling freshwater fisheries. The overview provides links to key documents that explain what should be considered when designing fish monitoring studies and how to implement the various sampling techniques.

What are the potential sources of chemical contamination from aquaculture activities?

An interactive guide to the sponges of New Zealand.

CFCs have damaged the ozone layer and led to higher UV levels and increased health risks. Our role is to understand the causes and effects of ozone depletion, to inform the public of the risk.

In comparison to the vast span of geological time, the estuaries that we see today are very recent coastal features.

The UV Index is a measure of the intensity of UV radiation. The larger the number, the more intense the UV. In New Zealand, its maximum summer value is generally about 12, but it can exceed 13 in the far North. In winter it reaches peak values of 1 or 2. Values of 10 or more should be considered as "extreme". At high altitude tropical sites (eg Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii), the UV Index can exceed 20.The UV Index supersedes the idea of "Time to Burn" or "Burn Time", which has been used previously in New Zealand.

Seasonal climate summaries from summer 2001 to the present.

All species of freshwater tuna spawn at sea, although the spawning grounds of only four species are known with certainty worldwide.

New Zealand’s forests and other land areas may be absorbing up to 60% more carbon dioxide than has been calculated, with much of this uptake likely occurring in native forests, NIWA scientists have discovered.

Some simple steps to minimise the effects of aquaculture activities on water quality and mahinga kai.

Identifying biological factors that may be limiting fish numbers requires sampling to ensure that key invertebrate prey species are not scarce and that pest fish, especially predators, are not abundant.

Kōaro are excellent climbers and like clear, swiftly flowing, forested streams.