Atmospheric analysis

There are two methods to determine visual clarity in SHMAK; the clarity tube (or SHMAK tube) and the black disc method.

Identifying biological factors that may be limiting fish numbers requires sampling to ensure that key invertebrate prey species are not scarce and that pest fish, especially predators, are not abundant.

Trees are grown and converted into a range of useful timber and paper products.

Southland is both the most southerly and most westerly part of New Zealand and generally is the first to be influenced by weather systems moving onto the country from the west or south.

The sex of tuna is not determined genetically, as in some other organisms.

Last Updated: July 2025

Methane (CH4) is the second most important greenhouse gas after CO2 that is produced by human activities.

Impacts of mining on water quality and mahinga kai.

NIWA has working relationships with hundreds of organisations in New Zealand and overseas.

These datasets are available in a range of formats.

Like the GMS satellite, the NOAA Series of polar orbiting satellites (operated by NOAA, the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) are a component of the World Weather Watch meteorological satellite network.