A high proportion of New Zealand’s native freshwater fish fauna need to migrate to and from the sea.

Station height is in metres above mean sea level. Years of data are the number of complete years of data for the 1981 – 2010 period.

Mountainous areas are subject to heavy snowfalls, high winds, and low temperatures. Semi-permanent snow and ice fields exist at about 1000-1100 metres during winter.

New Zealand’s forests and other land areas may be absorbing up to 60% more carbon dioxide than has been calculated, with much of this uptake likely occurring in native forests, NIWA scientists have discovered.

This identification guide covers the common crustose coralline algae found in central New Zealand.

The climate of Otago is perhaps the most diverse of any region in New Zealand.

Tuna or freshwater eels are a very significant, widely-valued, heavily-exploited, culturally iconic mahinga kai resource.

Sometimes wind can feel like a bit of a mystery because we can feel it, but not see it.

Longfin eels are the largest and longest-lived fish in New Zealand's freshwaters, and where they are present they are the top predator.

Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is measured continuously at Baring Head, providing the longest running record of this type in the Southern hemisphere.

Water clarity or turbidity is the cloudiness or haziness in a fluid caused by individual small particles (suspended solids).