Identifying biological factors that may be limiting fish numbers requires sampling to ensure that key invertebrate prey species are not scarce and that pest fish, especially predators, are not abundant.

Southland is both the most southerly and most westerly part of New Zealand and generally is the first to be influenced by weather systems moving onto the country from the west or south.

Aotearoa’s main urban areas cover approximately 2% of total available land.

Explore our education and information section to find out about climate and climate change, weather, our atmosphere, estuaries and more.

At the age of seven, NIWA’s youngest climate scientist, Nava Fedaeff, swapped sub-arctic Siberia for balmy Auckland – and her first job was to learn to swim.

Here is our complete range of products.

This lesson will explore the use of Māori environmental indicators [tohu] to anticipate local weather and climate conditions.

NIWA oceanographer Dr Cliff Law explains the impacts of ocean acidification on organisms that use carbonates to build their shells, and on bacteria.

Trees are grown and converted into a range of useful timber and paper products.

Several apps that provide forecasts of the UV index (UVI) are available for smartphones.