On 1 July 2025, NIWA merged with GNS Science to become Earth Sciences New Zealand.

Freshwater

We provide public information on river, lake, and groundwater conditions across New Zealand including freshwater quantity and quality.

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    Algae ID guides

    A collection of ID guides to algae. Groups include major freshwater algal groups, diatoms and blue-green (cyanobacteria), red and green algae.
  • SHMAK water quality – visual clarity

    There are two methods to determine visual clarity in SHMAK; the clarity tube (or SHMAK tube) and the black disc method.
  • Impacts of hydro

    Impacts of hydro-electric activities on water quality and mahinga kai.
  • Landscape

    On-Site Household Sanitation Guidelines for Fiji

    Research Project
    A participatory project empowering communities with self-help tools to improve water, sanitation and hygiene.
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    Smelt

    Smelt have a distinctly forked tail and a strong cucumber smell.
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    Mitigation and best practice options

    Some simple steps to minimise the effects of wastewater on water quality and mahinga kai.
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    Sediment and urbanisation

    How does urbanisation increase sediments in waterways?
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    Biological limitations

    Identifying biological factors that may be limiting fish numbers requires sampling to ensure that key invertebrate prey species are not scarce and that pest fish, especially predators, are not abundant.
  • Wood processing

    Trees are grown and converted into a range of useful timber and paper products.
  • Dry stock

    Dry stock farming consists predominantly of pasture grazing beef cattle, sheep, and deer for meat, wool, and velvet production.
  • What is the proposed activity or industry?

    Various industries and land use activities have the potential to impact on water quality and mahinga kai unless properly managed.
  • Water dams

    Damming water for urban use, hydro-electric power generation, irrigation, and other industrial and commercial uses.