On 1 July 2025, NIWA merged with GNS Science to become Earth Sciences New Zealand.

Freshwater

We provide public information on river, lake, and groundwater conditions across New Zealand including freshwater quantity and quality.

  • Water dams

    Damming water for urban use, hydro-electric power generation, irrigation, and other industrial and commercial uses.
  • Water abstraction and agriculture

    How do agricultural activities potentially influence water flows?
  • (no image provided)

    Mitigation and best practice options

    Some simple steps to minimise the effects of aquaculture activities on water quality and mahinga kai.
  • (no image provided)

    Toitoi

    One of the most common species of freshwater fish in Aotearoa is the common bully or toitoi.
  • (no image provided)

    Water clarity

    Water clarity or turbidity is the cloudiness or haziness in a fluid caused by individual small particles (suspended solids).
  • Wood processing

    Trees are grown and converted into a range of useful timber and paper products.
  • Water quality tools

    Find out more about our water quality tools.
  • Guidelines for sampling freshwater fisheries

    We have prepared a breakdown of the different guidelines that are available for sampling freshwater fisheries. The overview provides links to key documents that explain what should be considered when designing fish monitoring studies and how to implement the various sampling techniques.
  • Mining

    Mining is the extraction of metal and mineral resources, such as gold, coal, petroleum, and ironsand
  • (no image provided)

    Impacts of water dams

    What are the impacts of water dams on water quality and mahinga kai?
  • (no image provided)

    Tuna

    Tuna or freshwater eels are a very significant, widely-valued, heavily-exploited, culturally iconic mahinga kai resource.
  • (no image provided)

    Water resources and mining

    How may the activities of the mining industry influence water resources?