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Sediments and mangroves
Research ProjectMangrove forests, which are important parts of estuarine ecosystems in a number of ways, are sensitive to changing sea level. -
New Zealand Coastal Society Annual Conference: ‘Making Waves, 20 years and beyond’
News article14 November 2012 -
How prepared are we for a major marine earthquake?
News article14 November 2012 -
DTIS - Deep Towed Imaging System
DTIS is a camera system designed and built by NIWA staff, which is used to take pictures and video of deep sea biodiversity and seafloor habitats at depths of up to 6km. -
Category H - Drowned valleys, rias or fjords
Deep (10s of metres), narrow, elongated basins which are largely subtidal - the estuary bed is still below water at low tide. -
Category G - Fjords or sounds
Very deep (up to 100s of metres), narrow, elongated basins which are largely subtidal. -
Category F - Barrier enclosed lagoons or drowned valleys
Similar in some respects to Category E estuaries, these have shallow basins and narrow mouths, usually formed by a spit or sand barrier. However, Category F estuaries have complex shorelines and numerous arms leading off a main basin. -
Category E - Tidal lagoons or barrier enclosed lagoons
Shallow, circular to slightly elongated basins with simple shorelines and extensive intertidal area. -
Category D - Coastal embayments
Shallow, circular or slightly elongated basins with simple shorelines and wide entrances that are open to the ocean.
