Coasts

These occur where the mouth of a main river channel connects to shallow lagoons.

Elongated basins of simple shape and several to ten metres depth.

Very shallow basins (several metres depth). They are often elongated and run parallel to the shore.

Reducing the risk of new freshwater invasive species, minimising the impacts of these species, and developing methods for reducing or eradicating those populations.

The seaweed known colloquially as nori in Japanese - used for making sushi - or karengo in Maori has been reclassified by an international team of scientists including NIWA's Dr Wendy Nelson.

River plumes form one of the primary connectors between river-estuary systems and the coastal ocean.