Southland is both the most southerly and most westerly part of New Zealand and generally is the first to be influenced by weather systems moving onto the country from the west or south.

The sex of tuna is not determined genetically, as in some other organisms.

Whitianga Wharf sea levels

RV Tangaroa is New Zealand’s only ice strengthened and dynamically positioned deep-water research vessel.

Methane (CH4) is the second most important greenhouse gas after CO2 that is produced by human activities.

Each waterway has its own particular characteristics relating to water flow, velocity, and quantity.

These datasets are available in a range of formats.

The UV Index is a measure of the intensity of UV radiation. The UV Index supersedes the idea of "Time to Burn" or "Burn Time", which has been used previously in New Zealand.

This national GIS ‘layer’ enables reconnaissance-scale estimation of suspended-sediment yields from New Zealand’s rivers and streams. It has been developed by NIWA in collaboration with Landcare Research.

Estuaries are at the bottom of the freshwater drainage network and, effectively, are a part of it.