On 1 July 2025, NIWA merged with GNS Science to become Earth Sciences New Zealand.

Freshwater

We provide public information on river, lake, and groundwater conditions across New Zealand including freshwater quantity and quality.

Rachel Crawford and Paul Franklin inspecting a fish passage on the Waikato River.

Freshwater and Estuaries Update

A seasonal review and outlook for New Zealand's water resources, and an update on NIWA's freshwater research

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    Meat and dairy processing

    Meat and dairy processing factories manufacture products for local and international markets.

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    Further reading

    References, further reading, and links to useful websites

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    Mitigation and best practice options

    Simple steps to minimise the effects on water quality and mahinga kai.

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    Mitigation

    Options to minimise the effects of water abstraction activities on water quality and mahinga kai.

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    Mitigation and best practice options

    Some simple steps to minimise the effects of urbanisation on water quality and mahinga kai.

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    Impacts of urbanisation

    Impacts of urbanisation on water quality and mahinga kai.

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    Mitigation and best practice options

    Some simple steps to minimise the effects of horticultural activities on water quality and mahinga kai are outlined below.

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    Impacts of horticultural activities

    Impacts of horticulture on water quality and mahinga kai.

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    Impacts of forestry activities

    Impacts of forestry activities on water quality and mahinga kai.

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    About the resource consent process

    Learn about the Resource Management Act, Resource Consents, and how to prepare a submission.
    Freshwater quality

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    Impacts of agriculture

    How do agricultural activities impact water quality and mahinga kai?

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    Horticulture

    The horticulture industry cultivates fruits, vegetables, and flowers for the domestic and international export market.