On 1 July 2025, NIWA merged with GNS Science to become Earth Sciences New Zealand.

Freshwater

We provide public information on river, lake, and groundwater conditions across New Zealand including freshwater quantity and quality.

Rachel Crawford and Paul Franklin inspecting a fish passage on the Waikato River.

Freshwater and Estuaries Update

A seasonal review and outlook for New Zealand's water resources, and an update on NIWA's freshwater research

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    Mitigation

    Steps to minimise the effects of barriers and altered water flows on water quality and mahinga kai

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    Mitigation

    Here are some simple steps to minimise the effects of nutrient overloading on water quality and mahinga kai.
    Freshwater quality

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    Mitigation

    Simple steps to minimise the effects of infectious substances on water quality and mahinga kai.
    Freshwater quality

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    Mitigation

    Here are some simple steps to minimise the effects of sediment on water quality and mahinga kai.
    Freshwater quality

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    Mitigation and best practice options

    Steps to minimise the effects on water quality and mahinga kai.

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    Impacts of wastewater treatment

    How does wastewater treatment impact water quality and mahinga kai?

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    Impacts of Aquaculture

    Impacts of commercial aquaculture on water quality and customary harvest activities

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    Meat and dairy processing activities

    Meat and dairy products are processed in dairy factories, meat works, tanneries, and factories.

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    Further reading

    References, further reading, and links to useful websites.

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    Geothermal

    Heat stored in the earth is extracted to create geothermal power.

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    Thermal

    Thermal generation supplies up to 50% of power in Aotearoa.

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    Further reading

    References, further reading, and links to useful websites