Island Climate Update

El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) neutral conditions continued during January 2020. The Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) was +0.2, the first positive monthly value since December 2018.

El Nino –Southern Oscillation (ENSO) neutral conditions continued during December 2019. Both the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) remained on the El Niño side of neutral but weakened compared to previous months.

ENSO-neutral conditions continued during November 2019, although the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) dipped into El Niño territory and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) were on the El Niño side of neutral.

ENSO-neutral conditions continued during October 2019, although the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) were on the El Niño side of neutral.

Upper-oceanic heat content anomalies continued to decrease in the eastern and east-central equatorial Pacific during September. The core of the warm pool that had been associated with a central Pacific El Niño earlier in the year was located just west of the International Dateline.

Upper-oceanic heat content anomalies continued to decrease, but remained slightly above average in the west-central equatorial Pacific.

During July 2019, SSTs dipped below El Niño thresholds in the central Pacific for the first time in 5 months.

During June 2019, the atmosphere continued to respond to a warm pool of water in the central and western Pacific, with above normal rainfall and cloud centred along and just west of the International Dateline.

During May 2019, the atmosphere continued to respond to a warm pool of water in the central and western Pacific.

During April 2019, the atmosphere once again responded to a warm pool of water in the central and western Pacific, withabove normal rainfall and cloud centred along and just west of the International Dateline

Warmer than average sea surface temperatures (SSTs) now cover the tropical Pacific uniformly, a sign of a strengthening oceanic El Niño event.

Over the past month, Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) remained above average in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, particularly near and just west of the International Dateline. The NINO3.4 index SST anomalies however remained just below +0.5 ̊C during February 2019.

Over the past month, sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the central Pacific have remained above normal particularly near and west of the International Dateline, although declined slightly below the conventional threshold for El Niño.

Over the past month, sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the central Pacific have remained above normal with the NINO3.4 index anomalies currently exceeding +0.8°C

Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) across the east-central tropical Pacific have reached weak El Niño conditions.

Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the central Pacific (NINO3.4 Index) warmed notably over the past month, increasing from an anomaly of +0.25°C in September to +0.75°C in October.

For the sixth consecutive month, ENSO-neutral conditions persisted across the tropical Pacific.

For the fifth consecutive month, ENSO-neutral conditions persisted across the tropical Pacific. However, sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the vicinity of the Dateline continued to warm during August 2018. Preliminarily, the NINO4 Index is now on the El Niño side of neutral at +0.61°C (was +0.45°C last month) but the NINO3.4 Index remained in the neutral range at +0.28°C (was +0.47°C last month).

El Niño – Southern Oscillation (ENSO) neutral conditions continued across the tropical Pacific during July 2018. Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the central equatorial Pacific warmed for the fourth consecutive month and are currently slightly above average. The NINO3.4 is currently positive with a value of + 0.46°C for July 2018.

El Niño –Southern Oscillation (ENSO) neutral conditions continued across the tropical Pacific during June 2018. Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the central equatorial Pacific warmed for the third consecutive month and are currently slightly above average. The NINO3.4 is currently weakly positive with a value of + 0.27°C for June 2018.

ENSO-neutral conditions persisted in the tropical Pacific during May 2018. Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean continued to warm during May and are now near or slightly above average. The NINO3.4 is currently close to zero (+0.01°C for May 2018).

Weak La Niña conditions transitioned to ENSO-neutral in the tropical Pacific during April 2018. Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean remained below normal during April 2018, but continued to weaken relative to March values.

Weak La Niña conditions continued in the tropical Pacific during March 2018, but trends in low-level winds and in sub-surface ocean temperatures during the month indicate that the event is coming to an end.

Weak La Niña conditions continued in the tropical Pacific during February 2018, but the current state of the Ocean-Atmosphere system in the Equatorial Pacific indicates that it is now reaching its decay phase.