Atmospheric analysis

Today’s marine ecosystems are under immense pressure from growing populations wanting more. From food provision to cultural and recreational opportunities, the increase in activity translates into more use of certain areas. Stressors can affect ecosystems in many ways.

New measurements from the ocean under the centre of the Ross Ice Shelf have significantly improved our understanding of the complex processes that drive melting in Antarctica.

Scientists analysing end-of-summer snowline survey photos have estimated that 13 million cubic meters of ice have been lost from just one glacier from 2016 to 2019.

What does science tell us about New Zealand freshwater crayfish?

Zone 7: Chatham Islands (Wharekauri – Rēkohu) and Pitt Island (Rangiauria –Rangiaotea) at longitude 183–184˚E.

Western and southern South Island (Te Wai Pounamu) – covers the West Coast, Fiordland, Southland and Stewart Island (Te Punga o Te Waka ā Māui) and includes the Southern Alps and southern lakes. Includes Canterbury and Otago.

Zone 5: Eastern South Island (Te Wai Pounamu) from Kaikōura to Owaka (South Otago) and includes Central Otago and the MacKenzie Basin including Lakes Tekapo to Ōhau to the east of the Southern Alps. Includes the West Coast, inland Otago and Southland.

Northern South Island (Te Wai Pounamu) – covers Marlborough (from Kaikōura north), Nelson (Whakatū) and around to Punakaiki on the West Coast. Includes Tasman, Nelson, Marlborough and Buller District.

Eastern lower North Island extends from Hicks Bayto Palliser Bay and back to the Ruahine and Kaweka ranges. Includes Gisborne, Hawke’s Bay and the Wairarapa catchment of Wellington.

Zone 2: Western lower North Island (Te Ika ā Māui) – covers Taranaki to Wellington (Te Whanga-nui-a-Tara) and includes National Park and southern Lake Taupō. Includes the regions of Taranaki, Manawatū–Whanganui (Horizons) and Wellington.

Upper North Island (Te Ika ā Māui) – extends to Mōkau on the west coast and Lottin Point (Wakatiri) in eastern Bay of Plenty, and the northern part of Lake Taupō.