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How do we determine past climate?
Information about past climate is obtained from piecing evidence together from various sources. -
New Zealand's Marine Realm
News article06 June 2017NIWA has transformed 1.5 million square kilometres of data into the most accurate and detailed map yet of the land underneath the sea around New Zealand. -
Temperature changes
Temperature affects the number and type of animals and plants that live in a waterway. -
Tuna - tuna heke (downstream migrants)
Once eels become migrants (also known as tuna heke or tuna whakaheke) they stop feeding, and progressively develop the external features that clearly distinguish them from 'feeders'. -
Dissolved oxygen
Dissolved oxygen (DO) is a relative measure of the amount of oxygen (O2) dissolved in water. -
Nutrients and wastewater
How do nutrients from wastewater treatment enter waterways? -
Rainfall Deciles (RD)
If you list all the historic rainfall totals for a particular month and for a specific location, rank these from lowest to highest, then divide the list into ten equal parts, you have identified the ten rainfall deciles for that month and for that location.