On 1 July 2025, NIWA merged with GNS Science to become Earth Sciences New Zealand.

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ScienceAdvances

Seismic reflection profiles illustrating the frontal accretionary wedge and PFSs in Nankai Trough, Japan, and Hikurangi Trough, New Zealand. (A) Nankai Trough, offshore Japan. (B) Hikurangi Trough, New Zealand (IL 135 in NZ3D volume). (C) Locations of study areas. (D) Partial enlargement of the PFSs in (B). (E) Seismic coherence depth slice at 4396 m showing the PFSs in the incoming pelagic sequence. Seismic images in (D) and (E) are derived from the NZ3D seismic volume collected in the northern Hikurangi Margin.