On 1 July 2025, NIWA merged with GNS Science to become Earth Sciences New Zealand.

Elver ramp materials

Many different kinds of climbing media or substrates have been trialed for use on fish ladders, some of which are pictured here. (A) gravel; (B) Cordrain®; (C) sand/concrete; (D) Miradrain®; (E) brush. Scale (black line) = 20 mm.