On 1 July 2025, NIWA merged with GNS Science to become Earth Sciences New Zealand.
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Many different kinds of climbing media or substrates have been trialed for use on fish ladders, some of which are pictured here. (A) gravel; (B) Cordrain®; (C) sand/concrete; (D) Miradrain®; (E) brush. Scale (black line) = 20 mm.