On 1 July 2025, NIWA merged with GNS Science to become Earth Sciences New Zealand.

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NIWA

Figure 4: Sea surface temperatures as a difference from the 1991-2020 baseline  in December 2023, 1997, and 1982. Red (blue) indicates warmer (cooler) than average seas. Data from ERA5 (accessed January 2024). [NIWA]