On 1 July 2025, NIWA merged with GNS Science to become Earth Sciences New Zealand.

Dr Tom Brough

Marine Ecologist - Quantitative Modeller

Contact Details

Biography

My research focuses on marine spatial planning (MSP), spatial ecology and decision-support, integrating quantitative marine ecology with spatial analysis to support evidence-based planning and management of marine environments. I work at the interface of ecology, spatial modelling and applied planning, with a focus on understanding how biodiversity, environmental change and human activities interact across space and time.

A major component of my work is the development and application of spatial and spatiotemporal models to characterise the distribution of marine biodiversity, ecosystem services, human activities and environmental pressures. I use species distribution and habitat suitability models, abundance models, trait-based and mechanistic approaches, alongside geospatial analysis and expert knowledge.

I also develop and apply spatial optimisation and decision-support tools to explore alternative MSP scenarios, evaluate trade-offs among ecological, social and economic objectives, and identify opportunities for conservation and sustainable use. An increasing focus is climate-smart MSP, incorporating climate projections and ecological responses to support resilient and adaptive planning under environmental uncertainty, including identifying potential climate refugia and areas of range expansion.

My work also addresses cumulative effects and integrates scientific knowledge, mātauranga Māori, local knowledge and stakeholder perspectives into spatial planning processes. This research is underpinned by a broader background in marine ecology, fisheries and marine megafauna science, particularly marine mammal spatial ecology, providing an ecological foundation for incorporating biodiversity and marine megafauna values into marine spatial planning.

Research Outputs

Tere Tohorā, Karanga Tāngata: Weaving Māori Knowledge With Conventional Science to Characterise a Biodiversity Hotspot for Marine Megafauna in an Area Facing Multiple Anthropogenic Impacts

Tom Brough, Hollie Kereopa, Taryn Shirkey, Jochen Zaeschmar, Eva Leunissen, Dave Milner, Juliane Chetham

Spatial Modelling Approaches for Estimating Richness of Benthic Invertebrates Throughout New Zealand Waters

Tom Brough, Fabrice Stephenson, Eva Leunissen, Carolyn Lundquist

An atlas of seabed biodiversity for Aotearoa New Zealand

Fabrice Stephenson, Tom Brough, Drew Lohrer, Daniel Leduc, Shane Geange, Owen Anderson, David Bowden, Malcolm R. Clark, Niki Davey, Enrique Pardo, Dennis P. Gordon, Brittany Finucci, Michelle Kelly, Diana Macpherson, Lisa McCartain, Sadie Mills, Kate Neill, Wendy Nelson, Rachael Peart, Matthew H. Pinkerton, Geoffrey B. Read, Jodie Robertson, Ashley Rowden, Kareen Schnabel, Andrew Stewart, Carl Struthers, Leigh Tait, Di Tracey, Shaun Weston, and Carolyn Lundquist

Modelling spatial distributions of biogenic habitat‐forming taxa to inform marine spatial planning

Matthew Bennion, Tom Brough, Eva Leunissen, Mark Morrison, Jenny R. Hillman, Ashley A. Rowden, Dennis P. Gordon, Michelle Kelly, Wendy Nelson, Dianne M. Tracey, Diana Macpherson, Kate Neill, Andrew M. Lohrer, Carolyn J. Lundquist

Forecasting future habitat suitability of marine taxa to advance climate-smart marine spatial planning in Aotearoa New Zealand

Tom Brough, Matt Bennion, Eva Leunissen, Mel Hayden, Erik Behrens