Atmospheric analysis

The Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) is a simple measure of drought (and also of very wet conditions) and is based solely on the accumulated precipitation for a given time period.

Eastern South Island
Kaikoura, Christchurch, Timaru
The climate of this zone is greatly dependent on the lie of the massive Southern Alps to the west. Summer temperatures are warm, with highest temperatures occurring when hot dry foehn northwesterlies blow over the Alps and plains. Mean annual rainfall is low, and long dry spells can occur, especially in summer. For much of the time summer temperatures are moderated by a cool northeasterly sea breeze. Typical summer daytime maximum air temperatures range from 18°C to 26°C, but may rise to more than 30°C.

Heavy rainfall is one of the most frequent and widespread severe weather hazards to affect New Zealand.

Returning water to our waterways after we’ve used it in our homes, on farms and in industry is a complex and challenging process.

A decision framework has been developed that provides for a balanced and justifiable prioritisation of sustainable adaptations to climate change and which is flexible to change.

NIWA has developed personal UV dosimeter badges to support studies relating UV exposure to human health.

Management of stream riparian areas - including vegetation and stock access - influences the health of streams and downstream water bodies.

Accurate reporting on the amount of fish and invertebrates that are caught and discarded by New Zealand’s commercial fishing industry is vital to effective management of these fisheries.

The land used to produce crops is usually flat to gently rolling so it can be tilled, sowed, and harvested.

Banded kōkopu juveniles are very good climbers and will try to escape from buckets by clinging to and wriggling up the sides.

The Kiwi dream of owning a beachfront property with panoramic views of the ocean is under threat—and not just for financial reasons.

The sex of tuna is not determined genetically, as in some other organisms.