Three-month outlook

Tropical rainfall and SST outlook: May to July 2009
Rainfall outlook map for May to July 2009.
Sea surface temperature outlook map for May to July 2009.
During May – July 2009, a region of suppressed convection is likely in the southwest Pacific encompassing Tokelau, Tuvalu, and the Northern Cook Islands, with below average rainfall expected for those areas. Near to below average rainfall is expected for Eastern Kiribati and the Marquesas. Near normal rainfall is forecast for Pitcairn Island and Samoa.

Tropical rainfall and SST outlook: May to July 2009

Rainfall outlook map for May to July 2009.
Sea surface temperature outlook map for May to July 2009.

During May – July 2009, a region of suppressed convection is likely in the southwest Pacific encompassing Tokelau, Tuvalu, and the Northern Cook Islands, with below average rainfall expected for those areas. Near to below average rainfall is expected for Eastern Kiribati and the Marquesas. Near normal rainfall is forecast for Pitcairn Island and Samoa. Enhanced convection is likely in the area around Papua New Guinea and Vanuatu, Fiji, Niue, and the Southern Cook Islands, with above average rainfall anticipated for the coming three month period. New Caledonia, Tonga, Wallis & Futuna, and the Austral Islands are expected to receive near or above average rainfall. No clear precipitation guidance is offered for the Western Kiribati, the Solomon Islands, the Tuamotu Archepelago and the Society Islands.

Prominent SST anomalies that existed in the region during that past months are now easing. Global models indicate significant shifts to near-neutral SSTs during Austral winter, but lingering anomalies related to the past La Nina event may exist. Above average SSTs are expected for Papua New Guinea, and near or above average SSTs are forecast for Western Kiribati, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Fiji, Niue, New Caledonia, Tonga, Samoa, Niue, the Southern Cook Islands, the Austral Islands, and Pitcairn Island. Near normal SSTs are forecast for Samoa, Tokelau, Tuvalu, the Northern Cook Islands, Wallis and Futuna, and the Society Islands. Average to below average SSTs are expected for the Tuamotu Archipelago. No clear SST guidance is provided for the Marquesas or Eastern Kiribati.

The confidence in the multi-model ensemble forecast skill for this seasonal rainfall outlook is moderately high for most Pacific Island countries. In the past, the average region-wide hit rate for rainfall forecasts issued in May is 53%, 8% lower than the long-term average for all months combined. The SST forecast confidence is moderate–to–high for this period.

Island group Rainfall outlook Outlook confidence
Cook Islands (Southern) 20:35:45 (Above) Moderate - high
Vanuatu 20:35:45 (Above) Moderate - high
Niue 20:35:45 (Above) Moderate - high
Papua New Guinea 20:35:45 (Above) Moderate - high
Fiji 20:35:40 (Near or above) Moderate - high
New Caledonia 20:35:40 (Near or above) Moderate - high
Tonga 20:35:40 (Near or above) Moderate - high
Austral Islands 20:35:40 (Near or above) Moderate - high
Wallis & Futuna 25:40:35 (Near or above) Moderate
Pitcairn Islands 30:40:30 (Near normal) Moderate
Samoa 30:40:30 (Near normal) Moderate
Kiribati (Western) 30:35:35 (Climatology) Moderate - high
Solomon Islands 30:35:35 (Climatology) Moderate
Society Islands 30:35:30 (Climatology) Moderate
Tuamotu Islands 30:35:30 (Climatology) Moderate - high
Kiribati (Eastern) 40:40:20 (Near or Below) Moderate - high
Marquesas Islands 40:35:25 (Near or Below) Moderate
Cook Islands (Northern) 45:35:20 (Below) Moderate - high
Tokelau 45:35:20 (Below) Moderate - high
Tuvalu 45:35:20 (Below) Moderate - high
Island group SST Outlook Outlook confidence
Papua New Guinea 25:35:45 (Above) Moderate - high
Austral Islands 25:35:40 (Near or above) Moderate - high
Cook Islands (Southern) 25:35:40 (Near or above) Moderate - high
Fiji 25:35:40 (Near or above) Moderate - high
New Caledonia 25:35:40 (Near or above) Moderate - high
Niue 25:35:40 (Near or above) Moderate - high
Solomon Islands 25:35:40 (Near or above) High
Vanuatu 25:35:40 (Near or above) Moderate - high
Kiribati (Western) 25:40:35 (Near or above) High
Pitcairn Island 25:40:35 (Near or above) High
Tonga 25:40:35 (Near or above) Moderate - high
Cook Islands (Northern) 30:40:30 (Near normal) High
Samoa 30:40:30 (Near normal) High
Society Islands 30:40:30 (Near normal) High
Tokelau 30:40:30 (Near normal) High
Tuvalu 30:40:30 (Near normal) High
Wallis & Futuna 30:40:30 (Near normal) High
Kiribati (Eastern) 35:35:30 (Climatology) Moderate
Marquesas Islands 35:35:30 (Climatology) Moderate
Tuamotu Islands 35:40:25 (Near or below) High

NOTE: Rainfall estimates for Pacific Islands for the next three months are given in the table. The tercile probabilities (e.g., 20:30:50) are derived from the interpretation of several global climate models. They correspond to the odds of the observed rainfall being in the lowest (driest) one third of the rainfall distribution, the middle one third, or the highest (wettest) one third of the distribution. On the long-term average, rainfall is equally likely (33% chance) in any tercile.